Using the best elements of life cycle analysis, sustainability indicators, impact pathway analysis, risk analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and multi-criteria analysis (MCA), an integrated approach will be developed that can be applied in a coherent manner to a wide range of policy issues. This approach will be tested with 4 case studies, to provide a quantitative assessment of the environmental and socio-economic consequences of possible policies in the EU:

• Reducing air quality impacts of transport,
• Reducing the impacts of nitrate fertilizer,
• Examining the options for treating waste that remains after source reduction and recycling, and
• Reducing the impacts of selected hazardous chemicals.

The weighting of the criteria of the MCA will be determined by the stakeholder involvement and dissemination phrase of the project.

For more information: cordis.europa.eu

The objective of NewExt is to improve the assessment of externalities by providing new methodological elements for integration into the existing accounting framework of external costs. The external costs accounting framework developed by the ExternE projects has been widely accepted and successfully applied for support decision making in energy and environmental policy. However, there are areas, for which a need for further research was identified. Uncertainties result from lacking empirical data on the monetary valuation of mortality effects, from the omission of impacts on ecosystems due to acidification and eutrofication and from the insufficient knowledge about the impacts of global warming.

In addition, contamination of water and soil and accidents in energy chains other than nuclear has not been taken into account. It is the aim of this project to close these gaps and so improve the quality of external cost estimates. Description of work: The work comprises the following four major work packages: An empirical survey is conducted in the UK, Italy and France on the monetary valuation of the reduction of life expectancy. With this survey, the valuation of chronic, latent and future mortality risks (one of the most important impacts related to energy fuel cycles) will be improved; the questionnaire elicits willingness to pay for avoiding reductions of life expectancy in Europe. The standard-price approach is introduced to complement the welfare-based estimates of externalities by taking into account abatement costs for achieving policy based environmental sustainability targets. This allows deriving external cost estimates for impact categories like impacts on ecosystem, which have not been covered in previous assessments of external costs. Furthermore, marginal avoidance costs for global warming impacts are prepared.

A methodological framework for the modelling of multi-compartment (air/water/soil) impact pathways is developed. Human exposure to heavy metals and organic substances via accumulation in water and soil and the food chain is modelled. In a fourth work package, a methodology for the assessment of externalities from major accidents in non-nuclear fuel chains is developed. For this, a worldwide database on energy related accidents is revised and updated. Results will be compared with those from the nuclear fuel chain. In a last step, the new methodologies will be incorporated into the framework for estimating external costs and the change of external costs due to these new developments will be examined for a number of electricity producing technologies.

Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: This project produces a set of new methodological “building blocks” for integration into the existing accounting framework developed by ExternE. One result is, by testing the new elements and by re-calculating external costs for some reference power plants, the evaluation how new figures may effect the major policy conclusions of previous work. Besides that, dissemination of the new results to current users of the accounting framework, but furthermore to a broader scientific community and policy makers are regarded as essential.

For more information: cordis.europa.eu

The project is developed in 9 phases, each one comprising a number of interrelated tasks. These phases can be summarised in 3 Groups as follows:

• Group A includes Phases 1 to 4, which refer to the background work needed to establish the methodological framework of the project and to analyse the specific conditions in Cyprus by focusing on the prospects and barriers for the large-scale deployment of RES and RUE.
• Group B includes Phases 5 to 7, which aim at establishing alternative scenarios for the combined large-scale penetration of RES and RUE in Cyprus.The optimal scenario will be identified from the comparative evaluation of these alternative options by means of Cost-Benefit Analysis and Multi-Criteria Analysis and will form the basis for establishing a strategy and action plan in compliance with EU policies and international commitments.
• Group C includes phases 8 and 9, which extend through the whole project and aim at the dissemination of results and the co-ordination of actions in order to successfully accomplish the objectives of this project.

The expected results are mainly related with the application region and include the project deliverables, as well as less tangible benefits regarding the motivation of the island’s community towards the large-scale implementation of RES and RUE. Moreover, the project is expected to directly contribute to the production and transfer of knowledge and tools that will be suitably disseminated in other EU and accession countries. On a first rough approximation for the year 2010, very conservative estimations calculate a 20% saving of conventional fuels as a result of RES and RUE integration, implying savings for that year of over 600 ktoe. This figure takes into account the actual trends pointing on a total consumption of about 3000 ktoe (based on the recorded 2000 ktoe of oil consumption in 2000). The avoided fuel cost is calculated to exceed 150 M EUROS. In addition, the reduction of CO2 emissions and atmospheric pollutants can also be translated in avoided external costs based on approximate values assigned to these emissions according to the methodology of the ExternE project.

For more information: cordis.europa.eu

The project is a research project running from September 2001 to February 2004 and supported by a grant of the 5th Framework Programme of the European Commission (Human Potential). It is a multi-partner and multi-disciplinary project.

The research involves 4 partners which are amongst Europe’s leading centres for research (e.g. universities and research institutes) on the subject.

The project is co-ordinated by Professor Yannis Caloghirou of the National Technical university of Athens, Greece.

This project is about structural change in European industry resulting from rapid innovation at the interface of knowledge-based services and technology-intensive manufacturing. It focuses on three hybrid sectors in the areas of electronic commerce, business data communication and multimedia in order to appraise the factors underlying their emergence and early evolution. This research purports to add value to the current state-of-practice by:

• using an imaginative approach to empirically analyse structural change at strategic corners of European industry,
• examining emerging hybrid sectors across several countries,
• assembling indicators to build “early warning systems” for emerging hybrid sectors across several countries,
• providing valuable policy advise on how to create the socio-economic conditions to nurture such activities.

For more information: cordis.europa.eu

“The Integration of Macroeconomic and S& T Policies for Growth, Employment and Technology (MACROTEC PROJECT, No: HPSE-CT-1999-00014), με επιστημονικό υπεύθυνο τον καθηγητή G.N. von Tunzelmann (SPRU, University of Sussex), Key Action Improving the Socio-economic Knowledge Base, Commission of the European Union, DG Research, 2000-2002